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King's College Chapel, Cambridge
King's College Chapel is the chapel to King's College of the University of Cambridge, and it is considered one of the finest examples of late Perpendicular Gothic English architecture,〔Saltmarsh, John: ''King's College'' (in ''Victoria County History of Cambridgeshire'', Volume III, ed. J.P.C. Roach, 1959).〕 The chapel was built in phases by a succession of kings of England from 1446 to 1515, a period which spanned the Wars of the Roses. The chapel's large stained glass windows were not completed until 1531, and its early Renaissance rood screen was erected in 1532–36. The chapel is an active house of worship, and home of the King's College Choir. The chapel is a significant tourist site and commonly used symbol of the city of Cambridge.〔 (Visit Cambridge )〕〔(Cambridge City Council )〕
==Building of the chapel==
Henry VI planned a university counterpart to Eton College (whose chapel is very similar, although unfinished), the chapel being the only portion that was built. The King decided the dimensions of the Chapel. The architect of the chapel is disputed. Reginald Ely, who was commissioned in 1444 as the head press mason, was a possible architect of the chapel. However, Nicholas Close (or Cloos), was recorded as being the surveyor, which has been generally accepted to be synonymous with architect.〔Thomas John P. Carter, ''King's college chapel: notes on its history and present condition'' (Macmillan and Co, 1867), 10〕 The first stone of the Chapel was laid, by Henry himself, on St James' Day, 25 July 1446, the College having been begun in 1441. By the end of the reign of Richard III (1485), despite the Wars of the Roses, five bays had been completed and a timber roof erected. Henry VII visited in 1506, paying for the work to resume and even leaving money so that the work could continue after his death. In 1515, under Henry VIII, the building was complete but the great windows had yet to be made.
The Chapel has a total length of , and the width of the main vault is . The interior height is and the exterior height is .〔Alison Stones, (Images of Medieval Art and Architecture — Britain: England, Cambridge (King's College Chapel) ).〕 It features the world's largest fan vault, constructed between 1512 and 1515 by master mason John Wastell. The Chapel also features fine medieval stained glass and, above the altar, ''The Adoration of the Magi'' by Rubens, originally painted in 1634 for the Convent of the White Nuns at Louvain in Belgium. The painting was installed in the Chapel in 1968, which involved the restoration of the sanctuary floor leading up to the High Altar to its original level (gradations having been created in 1774 by James Essex).〔''A Century of King's, 1873–1972'' by L.P. Wilkinson, 1980: 130–131〕
During the Civil War the chapel was used as a training ground by Oliver Cromwell's troops, but escaped major damage, possibly because Cromwell himself, being a Cambridge student, gave orders for it to be spared. Graffiti left by Parliament soldiers is still visible on the north and south walls near the altar. During World War II most of the stained glass was removed and the chapel again escaped damage.〔(King's College Chapel, Cambridge at britainexpress.com )〕
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